Note: This issue of the Phoenix is printed in 4 columns only.

From the New York American.

A New Chapter in the History of the Indians.-- We publish to-day the history of what is called the Green Bay Treaty, to which we ask the attention of all considerate men.

The New York Indians were induced to move, as an effort is now making to induce the South-western Indians to remove to a distant territory, under all the solemn assurances guarantees, and pledges, which are again prodigally displayed, and which were scrupulously violated! In the condition of the New York Indians at Green Bay, may be seen the destiny of those tribes whom the injustice of Georgia, and the General Government combined, is now seeking to drive beyond the Mississippi. Already the settlements around Green Bay render it 'expedient' that the red men should be driven further back; and again the same course of fraud and force, which effected their first removal is resorted to, to induce their removal to a more distant wilderness! Similar will be the fate of the Creeks and Cherokees, in the region beyond the Mississippi, whenever they shall have so improved the country, as to render it the object of the white man's rapacity!

The information we thus communicate if from one who was a spectator of all that he relates, and who speaks the truth for its own sake. From the same source we received the annexed copy of a letter addressed by the New York Indians to those members of Congress, who in defending the Cherokees from the aggressions of the United States vindicated the claims of the American Indians.

LETTER OF THANKS.

To the Hon. Messrs. Frelinghuysen, Sprague, and Robbins, Senators of the United States; and to the Hon. Messrs. Storrs, Everett, Bates, Elsworth, Evans, Huntington, Johns, and Test, members of the House of Representatives; and to any others who have distinguished themselves in the councils of the nation, as the advocates of Indian rights.

Honorable Sirs: The New York Indians, resident at Green Bay, have noticed with peculiar satisfaction, and with fervent gratitude the honorable and dignified part you have taken in the Congress of the United States, during their discussion of the last session, in relation to the affairs of Indians; and although they may seem to be late in this particular mode of expressing their thanks, yet they beg you to be assured, that your names from the earliest intelligence of these your public and official acts, have been written upon your hearts, as the friends of Indians and the friends of man. The New York Indians, by the very degree of intellectual and moral elevation, to which they have been raised by the persevering kindness and culture of their benevolent friends among the white people, have been forced to feel more sensibly and more keenly the pressure of their own condition and that of their brethren, as 'a people scattered and peeled'- a nation of outcasts, doomed as if by a decree of Heaven, to be disenfranchised of every natural right, and driven before the face of the white man, till they shall find no peace, but by the extinction of their race; no resting place but in the grave; and now that the public councils of the great nation of the United States are agitated with the question, 'What are the rights of the Indian? and what shall be done with him?' an unexpected and bright gleam of hope has dawned upon our dark horizon by a bold and manly declaration of our rights from so many quarters, and from such a multitude of voices; and especially by that leading and high toned influence which through your instrumentality, has been carried into the public councils of the nation, and so nobly sustained by yourselves and coadjutors; and although the particular objects moved and supported by you, in either house of Congress, and which gave opportunity for the demonstration of this disposition, were lost for the time, yet hope is not lost, but revived. It shows a virtue in the nation, which we had feared was wanting; a susceptibility of being formed into a redeeming influence which may yet make a brighter page in the history of our abused race.-- We thank God, the God of providence and the God of nations.

You will soon be advised, sirs, of a most critical and painful situation into which the New York Indians, resident at Green Bay, have been recently brought. A brief history, with some comments will ere long be laid before the public. Our last hope hangs upon the Congress of the United States. We do not doubt, sirs, that you will make yourselves acquainted with the merits of this cause, and be prepared in the proper juncture for that proof of your personal and official probity, of which we have already received so hopeful an earnest. Ours is, indeed, a new and particular form of Indian rights; but it must prove the general temper of the people of the United States towards our race. And we feel, that our fate, and that of our people are now pending, and must soon be sealed. May God avert from us the issue we have feared, and from the United States its responsibility.- As the public advocates of the sons of Ham in their abused and degraded condition, we have learned in sympathy to cherish the names of Wilberforce and Clarkson; and as our own advocates, and the advocates of our brethren, raised up by the same kind Providence, we have already learned to cherish the names of those men to whom we have addressed this letter.

By order of the Chiefs of the New York Indians resident at Green Bay.

Green Bay, Sept. 1st 1830.