Western Carolina University

• Prohibits erosion & allows for accretion inward & outward of system.
• Long life, low maintenance.

• 1988 - Chesapeake Bay

• Openwork face allows more water to flow through, which reduces scour.

• 1993 - Avalon, NJ
• 1994 - Cape May Pt. & Belmar/ Spring Lake, NJ

• Water flows through slotted openings at top, sand is suspended & carried forward by incoming waves.
• Stabilizes beach nourishment, requiring less sand for renourishment.
• Attracts wildlife.

• Prevents sand from washing seaward by slowing wave energy
• Units can withstand severe weather changes, because the materials expand and contract.
• Re-usable; not permanent
• Environmentally friendly because it can be moved with ease.

• Waves lose power by creating energy, thus reducing erosion.
• Provides clea3n energy and fresh water.

• 1988- Palm Beach, FL (Privately funded)
• 1992-1993 - Palm Beach, FL (*removed in 1995 because of increased erosion)
• 1996- Vero Beach, FL

• Builds trough and bar areas beyond the foreshore which shifts the foreshore outward.
• Stabilizes the shoreline.
• Reduces wave energy 40-70%.
• Can be relocated easily.
• Shelter and habitat for animals.

• 1990 - proposed for Palm Beach

• Pollution free installation.
• Waves lose much of their destructive power.
• Reduces long term erosion.
• Compresses the configuration of wave cells.

• 1975 - Virginia Beach, Va. Removed due to failure.
  Installation cost: $108,000
  Removal cost: approx. $67,700

• Flexible design.
• Removable.

• 1976- Highlands Park, IL
• 1979- Bayou State Park, FL
• 1984- Kuala Regional Park, Oahu, HI

• Simulates offshore sandbars and reefs.
• Stimulates accretion, reduces erosion.
• Will work on any beach.
• Will withstand extreme weather.
• *In 8 months beach accreted 50' in width in IL.

• Does not interfere with boaters, bathers or turtles.
• Mitigates against storm damage.
• Moves high & low tide line an average of 200' outward.
• Protects beach nourishment.

• Absorbs wave energy before it reaches the shoreline.

• Provides protection against wave damage and erosion.
• Breaks 8-10' roller waves.
• Economical, simple & easy to make.
• Can be floated to any location, thereby avoiding high accretion on the landward side.

• 1985-Michiana, MI

• Slots on front absorb energy.
• Builds up foreshore & sandy beach.
• Restores sand lost during storms.

• 1992 -Shell Island in Lower Plagumines, LA

• Provide hard bottom stabilization for sand accretion.
• No loss during Hurricane Andrew of an installation that included 300 cones and 13-72 cu. yds. of sand.
• Average accretion, 6', max gain 3'.

• Slows the return of "sand laden" waves.

• Dissipates wave energy reducing offshore transport of sand.
• Allows for greater accretion of sand during storm conditions.
• May provide protection for turtles & substrate for crustaceans.

• 1985-Germany, to fix scour caused by pipeline
• -Italy
• -Wetlands in Europe

• Reduces nearshore current velocities, thereby sand is dropped in sandbars which build up to 1.6m high.

• Reduces offshore sand movement and scour.

• Sand is captured within the coil grid and returned to the shore by tides & wind.
• Coils interrupt ocean currents, allowing for sand to be trapped while currents pass through.
• If properly emplaced, there will be no sand loss to adjacent beaches.

• 1989, Tidewater Community College- Portsmouth. Monitored by VIMS.

• 20" of sand and silt collected between 1989 and 1996 on Tidewater Test Site.
• Reduces energy of wave run-up, causing sand to be deposited.

• 1981- Cape Hatteras, NC
• 1983/1984- Barbados

• Controls shoreline erosion.
• Fronds reduce current flow, sand is dropped.

Manufacturer's Claims

• Jefferson Park, LA

• Protects the shoreline.

• 1982-Manasota Key, FL
• 1983-Michigan near Buffalo; Captiva, FL and Ogden Dunes, IN.

• Slows currents so that inlets & jetties don't divert sand. Nearshore sand stays nearshore. Sand coming from offshore no longer transported downshore by littoral currents, therefore beaches accrete. This induces nearshore shoaling.

• 1987- Pelican Bay Beach, FL. Had to be removed after 20 days because the installation did not have a permit.

• System is at or below the water level, so waves can still overtop which eliminates scouring, flanking and reflection.
• Eventually the whole system is covered by sand.

• Slows & "elevates" currents, thereby creating sand ripples.
• Stabilizes coastlines, riverside erosion and dunes.

• Reduces toe scour common with traditional seawalls.
• Causes beach accretion.

• Protects homes.
• Best suited for Marine construction.

• unspecified

• Protects property from slippage & erosion by tides.

• Great Lakes-unspecified

• Deflects water up & back without reflecting the waves-reduces toe scour.

• 1973, Buttersville Park, Luddington, MI

• Reduces erosion & encourages the build-up of sand in front of the wall.
• Redirects wave energy so that sand is dropped.

• Easier to install & more cost effective than traditional dewatering devices.
• Not susceptible to storm damage.
• Environmentally friendly, even to turtles.
• Can be operated at variable rates.

• 1988-Sailfish Pt., FL
• 1994-Englewood, FL
• 1996-Nantucket, MA

• Builds beaches while reducing erosion- less water washes back to the ocean in return flow, so less sand is carried with it.
• Installation causes relatively little disturbance to the beach.

• St. Augustine, FL
• Melbourne Beach, FL
• Ft. Fisher, NC

• Stabilizes dunes.
• Doesn't deter marine turtles.
• Withstood three years of storms (dunes lost elevations, but were not undercut)
• Damage can still be caused by walkover.
• Does not impede growth of vegetation.

• Avalon, NJ

• Captures wind blown sand.
• Especially suited for storms.
• Lasts longer than ordinary sand fencing, partially because it resists weathering.
• Can resist 9 ton force.

• Highly visible.
• Easy to install.
• Stable & weather resistant.

• 1995-Atlantic City, NJ

• Stabilizes dunes & prevents landward erosion.
• Can also be used as a groin.

• Tires act as a more stable sandbag.
• Stabilize the shoreline behind the revetment.

• Caledon Shores
• 1997-Long Island, NY

• Dissipates storm wave energy which reduces erosion.
• Designed for a 25 year storm.
• Also allows for percolation of waves which builds up sand on the surface.

• Trinidad
• Boston Harbor, MA

• Stabilization of bluffs & dunes.
• Protection from scour.

• Restricts the return flow of sand carried by a retreating wave.
• "Accretion concentration of 60cu yd/ft in less than 4 days."

• 1993-Spring Lake, NJ
• 1996-Myrtle Beach, SC

• Protects beaches & dunes by reducing storm wave energy.
• Waves are slowed, sand is dropped & disks are covered.